Proteomic profile of the acquired enamel pellicle of children with early childhood caries and caries-free children.

Acquired enamel pellicle plays an important role in the pathogenesis of early childhood caries (ECC), working as a protective interface between the tooth and the oral cavity. The aim of this cross-sectional in vivo proteomic study was to compare the acquired enamel pellicle protein profile of 3-5-year-old children with ECC (n = 10) and caries-free children (n = 10). Acquired enamel pellicle samples were collected and processed for proteomic analysis (nLC-ESI-MS/MS). In total, 241 proteins were identified. Basic salivary proline-rich protein 1 and 2, Cystatin-B, and SA were found only in the caries free group. When comparing caries free and ECC groups, lower protein levels were found in the caries free group for hemoglobin subunit beta, delta, epsilon, gamma-2, globin domain-containing protein and gamma-1, neutrophil defensin 3, serum albumin, protein S100-A8, and S100-A9. The proteins histatin-1, statherin, salivary acidic proline-rich phosphoprotein ½, proline-rich protein 4, submaxillary gland androgen-regulated protein 3B, alpha-amylase 1 and 2B were found at higher levels in the caries free group. The exclusive and the proteins found at higher levels in the caries free group might have protective functions that play a role in the prevention of caries, besides providing important insights to be evaluated in future studies for the possible development of new therapeutic strategies for ECC.

Saliva proteomic profile of early childhood caries and caries-free children.

OBJECTIVE: Saliva plays an important antimicrobial role and it is related to the pathogenesis of early childhood caries (ECC). The aim of this study was to compare the proteomic profile of unstimulated saliva of children aged 3-5 years who had ECC and caries-free (CF) children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After the saliva collection from 20 children (ECC: n = 10; CF: n = 10), the samples were processed for proteomic analysis on a mass spectrometer. RESULTS: 1638 proteins were identified, of which 355 were present in both groups. A total of 579 proteins were exclusively identified in the CF group and included Leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein, Protein S100-A5, Protein S100-A8 and Mucin-2. Moreover, 704 proteins were exclusively identified in the ECC group, including Enamelin. The differential expression analysis revealed that 112 proteins were up-regulated in the CF group. Among these proteins, we highlighted Hemoglobin subunit gamma-1 (343-fold increase), gamma-2 (336-fold increase) and alpha (40-fold increase). CONCLUSIONS: The proteomic profile of the saliva varied substantially between the groups. Hemoglobin subunit gamma-1, gamma-2 and alpha may play a protective role in children with ECC. These proteins should be evaluated in future studies, because they may be possible good candidates to be included in anti-caries dental products.

Knowledge and attitudes related to erosive tooth wear of professional wine tasters: a cross-sectional study / Conhecimentos e atitudes relacionadas ao desgaste dentário erosivo de provadores de vinho profissionais: um estudo transversal

Objective: this study aimed to evaluate knowledge and attitudes of professional wine tasters about erosive tooth wear. Material and Methods: two questionnaires were applied to 56 wine tasters during the 25th National Evaluation of Wines - Safra 2017 in Bento Gonçalves, Rio Grande do Sul. Descriptive data analysis and the Fisher's exact test were performed (p < 0.05). Results: for the analysis, 56 volunteers aged 25-76 years were included. Most of the volunteers reported attending dentist once a year (55.35%) and their teeth become sorer after ingesting liquids or acid foods (32.14%) over time. The majority (82.14%) believe wine tasting may have teeth effects and have already heard about erosive tooth wear (51.78%). However, when asked about symptomatology, more than half (53.57%) reported not to know. Brushing teeth immediately after ingesting something (37.5%) and increasing the brushing frequency (33.92%) were the most cited treatment options. The habit of using mouthwash solutions was significantly associated with the professionals age (p = 0.039). Conclusion: the volunteers reported a high intake of acid substances and, although most of them reported to consult dentist regularly and have already heard about erosive tooth wear, knowledge about this condition is still limited among these professionals. (AU)

Objetivo: o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o conhecimento e as atitudes de provadores de vinho profissionais relacionadas ao desgaste dentário erosivo. Material e Métodos: dois questionários foram aplicados a 56 provadores de vinho durante a 25ª Avaliação Nacional de Vinhos - Safra 2017 no município de Bento Gonçalves, Rio Grande do Sul. Foi realizada a análise descritiva dos dados e o teste Exato de Fisher (p < 0.05). Resultados: na análise foram incluídos 56 voluntários com idade entre 25 e 76 anos. A maioria dos voluntários relatou frequentar o dentista uma vez por ano (55,35%) e que seus dentes, com o passar do tempo, tornaram-se mais doloridos ao ingerir líquidos ou alimentos ácidos (32,14%). Mais da metade (82,14%) acreditam que as provas de vinho podem causar algum efeito sobre os dentes e já ouviram falar em desgaste dentário erosivo (51,78%). Porém, quando questionados sobre a sintomatologia, a maioria (53,57%) afirmou não ter conhecimento. Escovar os dentes imediatamente após ingerir algo (37,5%) e aumentar a frequência de escovação (33,92%) foram as opções mais compreendidas como tratamento. Utilizar soluções para bochecho esteve significativamente associado à idade dos profissionais (p=0,039). Conclusão: provadores de vinho profissionais relataram alta ingestão de substâncias ácidas e, embora a maioria consulte pelo menos uma vez por ano o dentista e já tenha ouvido falar a respeito do desgaste dentário erosivo, o conhecimento sobre essa condição ainda é limitado entre esses profissionais. (AU)

Efficacy of 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride gel on non-cavitated enamel lesions: a randomized clinical trial.

A randomized controlled parallel clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the association of 1.23% topical professional acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel with oral hygiene and dietary instructions on the arrest of active non-cavitated lesions in permanent, mixed, and temporary dentition in children between 3 and 12 years of age. Ninety-eight caries-active children were randomly divided into two groups: a fluoride gel group (n = 49) and a non-fluoridated gel group (n = 49). Each group received up to eight weekly applications of gel, weekly professional toothbrushing with oral hygiene instructions and dietary counselling. Caries lesions were assessed qualitatively through visual-tactile criteria performed in three stages: initial, intermediate, and final. Regression models were applied to identify risk indicators for caries control. Between-group comparison regarding the time taken to arrest the lesions was performed using Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests. Seventeen children did not receive the allocated intervention, and one was lost to follow-up (n = 80). There was no difference between the control and placebo groups regarding the time to the arrest of the lesion (p >.05). The treatments showed similar results without significant statistical difference (p = 0.33; 95%CI: 0.32-1.48). No adverse effects were observed. It can be concluded that no additional effect of the association of 1.23% APF gel with oral hygiene using fluoride dentifrice and dietary instructions on the arrest of active non-cavitated lesions could be established. We can also confirm the importance of toothbrushing frequency and, consequently, the visible plaque reduction in the control of caries activity. RBR-37V5S3.

Proteomic profile of the acquired enamel pellicle of professional wine tasters with erosive tooth wear.

The aim of this study was to compare the acquired enamel pellicle protein profile of professional wine tasters with mild and moderate erosive tooth wear. Twelve professional wine tasters participated (3 from a low tooth wear group; 9 from a high tooth wear group). Acquired enamel pellicle samples were collected and processed for proteomic analysis (nLC-ESI-MS/MS). The acquired enamel pellicle proteomic profile was different between the groups. The proteins found exclusively in the low tooth wear group were histatins 1 and 3 and mucins 7 and 21. When comparing the wear groups, proteins with higher levels in the low tooth wear group included neutrophil defensins (1 and 3), lysozyme C, lysozyme, myeloperoxidase, and squalene monooxygenase. In conclusion, the findings indicate that the proteins found at higher levels in the low tooth wear group and proteins exclusively found in the low tooth wear group might be protective and, therefore, could be good candidates for further studies regarding their potential to be added to dental products to protect professional wine tasters from extrinsic erosive tooth wear.

Estudo retrospectivo da efetividade de uma abordagem de tratamento não invasiva para inativação de lesões de cárie dentária não cavitadas em pacientes infantis / Effectiveness of a non-invasive treatment protocol for incipient enamel carious lesions in a child population: a retrospective study

Objetivo: Avaliar a efetividade de uma abordagem de tratamento não invasiva para a inativação de lesões não cavitadas de dentes decíduos e permanentes realizada na Clínica Infanto-Juvenil (CIJ) da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (FO-UFRGS), identificando os fatores clínicos do paciente e associando-os ao sucesso clínico do tratamento. Métodos: Foram incluídos 55 prontuários de pacientes que receberam instruções de higiene bucal, controle de dieta e aplicações tópicas de flúor (ATF) na CIJ da FO-UFRGS entre 2016 e 2018. Foram coletados dados demográficos e clínicos referentes a avaliação da atividade de cárie dentária na consulta inicial e após o tratamento realizado: índice de placa visível (IPV), índice de sangramento gengival (ISG) e o número médio de dentes permanentes cariados, perdidos e restaurados (CPO-D) e/ou número médio de dentes decíduos cariados, extraídos ou com indicação de extração e restaurados (ceo-d). Na análise estatística foram utilizados os testes Qui-quadrado de Pearson, Exato de Fisher e Wilcoxon, nível de significância: p < 0,05. Resultados: Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa quando se comparou as variáveis idade, sexo, IPV, ISG e ceo-d/CPO-D com o sucesso do tratamento. Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa comparando o IPV inicial com o final (p = 0,016) e número de lesões não cavitadas ativas inicial e final (p < 0,001), mas não houve diferença para o ISG inicial e final (p = 0,324). Conclusão: Baseado nos achados da redução do IPV e da redução no número de lesões não cavitadas ativas ao final do tratamento, sugere-se que a abordagem de tratamento não invasiva para inativação de lesões de cárie dentária não cavitadas aplicada na CIJ da FO-UFRGS é efetiva.

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of a non-invasive treatment on the arrest of non-cavitated caries lesions of primary and permanent teeth performed at the Pediatric Clinic (PC) at the Dental Teaching Hospital of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (DT-UFRGS), identifying the patient's clinical factors and associating them with the clinical success of the treatment. Methods: This study included 55 patient's medical records who received oral hygiene instructions, diet control, and topical fluoride applications (TFA) at the PC of DT-UFRGS between 2016 and 2018. Demographic and clinical data regarding the evaluation of caries activity in the initial visit and after the performed treatment were collected: visible plaque index (VPI), gingival bleeding index (GBI), and DMF-T caries index (average number of decayed, missing, and restored permanent teeth), and/or dmf-t (average number of decayed, extracted or with recommendation for extraction, and restored deciduous teeth). Pearson's Chi-square, Fisher's Exact, and Wilcoxon tests were used for statistical analysis, significance level: p < 0.05. Results: No significant difference was observed when the variables of age, gender, VPI, CBI, DMF-T/dmf-t were compared with treatment success. A statistically significant difference was found when comparing the initial with the final VPI (p = 0.016), as well as the number of initial and final active non-cavitated carious lesions (p < 0.001), but no difference was identified for the initial and final GBI (p = 0.324). Conclusion: Based on the findings of VPI reduction and reduction in the number of active non-cavitated carious lesions upon completion of treatment, it is suggested that the non-invasive treatment for arrestment of non-cavitated carious lesions applied at the PC of DT-UFRGS is effective.

Estudo retrospectivo da efetividade de uma abordagem de tratamento não invasiva para inativação de lesões de cárie dentária não cavitadas em pacientes infantis / Effectiveness of a non-invasive treatment protocol for incipient enamel carious lesions in a child population: a retrospective study

Objetivo: Avaliar a efetividade de uma abordagem de tratamento não invasiva para a inativação de lesões não cavitadas de dentes decíduos e permanentes realizada na Clínica Infanto-Juvenil (CIJ) da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (FO-UFRGS), identificando os fatores clínicos do paciente e associando-os ao sucesso clínico do tratamento. Métodos: Foram incluídos 55 prontuários de pacientes que receberam instruções de higiene bucal, controle de dieta e aplicações tópicas de flúor (ATF) na CIJ da FO-UFRGS entre 2016 e 2018. Foram coletados dados demográficos e clínicos referentes a avaliação da atividade de cárie dentária na consulta inicial e após o tratamento realizado: índice de placa visível (IPV), índice de sangramento gengival (ISG) e o número médio de dentes permanentes cariados, perdidos e restaurados (CPO-D) e/ou número médio de dentes decíduos cariados, extraídos ou com indicação de extração e restaurados (ceo-d). Na análise estatística foram utilizados os testes Qui-quadrado de Pearson, Exato de Fisher e Wilcoxon, nível de significância: p < 0,05. Resultados: Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa quando se comparou as variáveis idade, sexo, IPV, ISG e ceo-d/CPO-D com o sucesso do tratamento. Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa comparando o IPV inicial com o final (p = 0,016) e número de lesões não cavitadas ativas inicial e final (p < 0,001), mas não houve diferença para o ISG inicial e final (p = 0,324). Conclusão:Baseado nos achados da redução do IPV e da redução no número de lesões não cavitadas ativas ao final do tratamento, sugere-se que a abordagem de tratamento não invasiva para inativação de lesões de cárie dentária não cavitadas aplicada na CIJ da FO-UFRGS é efetiva.

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of a non-invasive treatment on the arrest of non-cavitated caries lesions of primary and permanent teeth performed at the Pediatric Clinic (PC) at the Dental Teaching Hospital of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (DT-UFRGS), identifying the patient's clinical factors and associating them with the clinical success of the treatment. Methods: This study included 55 patient's medical records who received oral hygiene instructions, diet control, and topical fluoride applications (TFA) at the PC of DT-UFRGS between 2016 and 2018. Demographic and clinical data regarding the evaluation of caries activity in the initial visit and after the performed treatment were collected: visible plaque index (VPI), gingival bleeding index (GBI), and DMF-T caries index (average number of decayed, missing, and restored permanent teeth), and/or dmf-t (average number of decayed, extracted or with recommendation for extraction, and restored deciduous teeth). Pearson's Chi-square, Fisher's Exact, and Wilcoxon tests were used for statistical analysis, significance level: p < 0.05. Results: No significant difference was observed when the variables of age, gender, VPI, CBI, DMF-T/dmf-t were compared with treatment success. A statistically significant difference was found when comparing the initial with the final VPI (p = 0.016), as well as the number of initial and final active non-cavitated carious lesions (p < 0.001), but no difference was identified for the initial and final GBI (p = 0.324). Conclusion: Based on the findings of VPI reduction and reduction in the number of active non-cavitated carious lesions upon completion of treatment, it is suggested that the non-invasive treatment for arrestment of non-cavitated carious lesions applied at the PC of DT-UFRGS is effective.

Predictors of dental plaque and gingivitis in patients receiving integrated dental treatment-a longitudinal retrospective study.

OBJECTIVES: The identification of predictors of supragingival biofilm accumulation may improve the results of therapeutic strategies for dental caries and periodontal diseases in general clinical practice. This study aimed to determine predictors of changes in visible plaque (VP) and gingival bleeding (GB) during integrated dental care. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective longitudinal study was conducted by a census of patients receiving integrated dental care in a general clinical practice ambulatory at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil). The sample comprised 91 charts of patients attended over a 6-months period. Gender, age, patient's main complaint, oral hygiene pattern, and clinical data were recorded from charts for the last two dental visits in the ambulatory. Changes in VP and GB were modeled by multiple linear regression and beta coefficients (b) were reported. RESULTS: The mean follow-up time was 13 months. Significant reductions in VP (32.8 ± 27.9 to 17.4 ± 19.4%; p < 0.001) and GB (27.1 ± 23.8 to 18.5 ± 17.3%; p < 0.001) were observed. Higher plaque reductions were predicted by higher baseline VP levels (p = 0.02), shorter time (< 12 months) elapsed between VP recordings (b = 14.1%, p = 0.02), interproximal cleansing (b = 11.9%, p = 0.03), lower number of sessions for oral hygiene instruction (b = 13.7%, p = 0.02), and presence of pockets ≥ 6 mm (b = - 12.4%, p = 0.02). GB was predicted by time of follow-up > 12 months and baseline VP. CONCLUSIONS: Plaque and gingivitis improved in patients under integrated dental care. Factors related to motivation, oral hygiene practices, and baseline periodontal status might be used as predictors of VP and GB changes. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Visible plaque and gingivitis reduced in a sample of patients treated under integrated dental care. Some predictors may determine for which patients the treatment may be maximize and those who will need greater efforts to achieve the therapeutic goal for oral hygiene.